{"id":3743,"date":"2026-02-25T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/?p=3743"},"modified":"2026-03-09T19:11:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T19:11:54","slug":"zivot-bakterii-ako-sa-bakterialne-bunky-delia-diferencuju-ako-medzi-sebou-komunikuju-a-ako-si-nastavia-vlastnu-smrt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/2026\/02\/25\/zivot-bakterii-ako-sa-bakterialne-bunky-delia-diferencuju-ako-medzi-sebou-komunikuju-a-ako-si-nastavia-vlastnu-smrt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017divot bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed &#8211; ako sa bakteri\u00e1lne bunky delia, diferencuj\u00fa, ako medzi sebou komunikuj\u00fa a ako si nastavia vlastn\u00fa smr\u0165."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Febru\u00e1rov\u00e1 vedeck\u00e1 kaviare\u0148 v ko\u0161ickej Taba\u010dke priniesla poh\u013ead do sveta, ktor\u00fd je s\u00edce vo\u013en\u00fdm okom nevidite\u013en\u00fd, no z\u00e1sadne ovplyv\u0148uje \u017eivot na Zemi. V stredu ve\u010der sa mal\u00e1 kinos\u00e1la zaplnila n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkmi, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 predn\u00e1\u0161ku RNDr. Imricha Bar\u00e1ka, DrSc., riadite\u013ea \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rnej biol\u00f3gie SAV, v. v. i., v Bratislave, dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho vedca roka a medzin\u00e1rodne uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka v oblasti mikrobiol\u00f3gie.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Predn\u00e1\u0161ka pribl\u00ed\u017eila neoby\u010dajn\u00fd svet bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed, najm\u00e4 modelov\u00e9ho mikroorganizmu <em>Bacillus subtilis<\/em>, ktor\u00fd vedci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na sk\u00famanie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch procesov \u017eivota. Hoci ide o mikroskopick\u00fd organizmus \u017eij\u00faci be\u017ene v p\u00f4de, jeho schopnosti s\u00fa prekvapivo komplexn\u00e9. Bakt\u00e9ria dok\u00e1\u017ee napr\u00edklad presne \u201erozhodn\u00fa\u0165\u201c, kde sa m\u00e1 bunka rozdeli\u0165, ako reagova\u0165 na nedostatok \u017eiv\u00edn \u010di ako pre\u017ei\u0165 nepriazniv\u00e9 podmienky vytvoren\u00edm mimoriadne odolnej sp\u00f3ry. Pr\u00e1ve procesy ako bunkov\u00e9 delenie, diferenci\u00e1cia a&nbsp;sporul\u00e1cia s\u00fa predmetom dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu t\u00edmu Imricha Bar\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Predn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci vysvetlil aj \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam tak\u00e9hoto z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu. \u0160t\u00fadium mechanizmov, ktor\u00e9 riadia delenie bakteri\u00e1lnych buniek alebo ich programovan\u00fa bunkov\u00fa smr\u0165, m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch lie\u010div. Ak sa toti\u017e podar\u00ed naru\u0161i\u0165 procesy nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre \u017eivot bakt\u00e9rie, mo\u017eno t\u00fdm zastavi\u0165 rast patog\u00e9nnych mikroorganizmov alebo ich prin\u00fati\u0165, aby sa \u201ezni\u010dili\u201c vlastn\u00fdmi mechanizmami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zauj\u00edmavou \u010das\u0165ou predn\u00e1\u0161ky bolo, ako bakt\u00e9rie komunikuj\u00fa a reaguj\u00fa na prostredie. Pomocou chemick\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov dok\u00e1\u017eu \u201ezisti\u0165\u201c, ko\u013eko ich je v okol\u00ed, a pod\u013ea toho prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 svoje spr\u00e1vanie. V extr\u00e9mnych podmienkach m\u00f4\u017eu dokonca prejs\u0165 do zvl\u00e1\u0161tneho stavu, v ktorom prakticky zastavia svoje \u017eivotn\u00e9 procesy a dok\u00e1\u017eu pre\u017ei\u0165 aj ve\u013emi nepriazniv\u00e9 podmienky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Publikum zaujala aj \u010das\u0165 venovan\u00e1 vedeck\u00fdm objavom a diskusi\u00e1m vo vedeckej komunite. V\u00fdskum t\u00edmu z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rnej biol\u00f3gie napr\u00edklad prispel k objasneniu p\u00f4vodu takzvan\u00fdch bakteri\u00e1lnych nanotubulov, o ktor\u00fdch sa dlho predpokladalo, \u017ee sl\u00fa\u017eia na komunik\u00e1ciu medzi bunkami. Uk\u00e1zalo sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u010dasto ide o \u0161trukt\u00fary vznikaj\u00face pri po\u0161koden\u00ed buniek. Bol to objav, ktor\u00fd vyvolal \u017eiv\u00fa odborn\u00fa debatu. Vedeck\u00e1 kaviare\u0148 v&nbsp;Ko\u0161iciach tak op\u00e4\u0165 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee aj t\u00e9my zdanlivo vzdialen\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu dok\u00e1\u017eu by\u0165 mimoriadne p\u00fatav\u00e9 a odhali\u0165 fascinuj\u00face mechanizmy fungovania \u017eiv\u00e9ho sveta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Text:  Martin Bystriansky<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u017divot bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed: Imrich Bara\u0301k\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3DsXjmgyMRQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Video:  Martin Bystriansky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180406-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"3752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180406-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3752\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180406-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180406-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180406-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180406-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180406-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_191959-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"3756\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_191959-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3756\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_191959-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_191959-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_191959-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_191959-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_191959-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180420-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"3753\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180420-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3753\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180420-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180420-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180420-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180420-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260225_180420-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-Imrich-Barak-2-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"3755\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-Imrich-Barak-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-Imrich-Barak-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-Imrich-Barak-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-Imrich-Barak-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-Imrich-Barak-2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-Imrich-Barak-2-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-I.-Barak-1-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"3757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-I.-Barak-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3757\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-I.-Barak-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-I.-Barak-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-I.-Barak-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-I.-Barak-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/KVK-I.-Barak-1-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Foto:  Martin Bystriansky<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Febru\u00e1rov\u00e1 vedeck\u00e1 kaviare\u0148 v ko\u0161ickej Taba\u010dke priniesla poh\u013ead do sveta, ktor\u00fd je s\u00edce vo\u013en\u00fdm okom nevidite\u013en\u00fd, no z\u00e1sadne ovplyv\u0148uje \u017eivot na Zemi. V stredu ve\u010der sa mal\u00e1 kinos\u00e1la zaplnila n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkmi, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 predn\u00e1\u0161ku RNDr. Imricha Bar\u00e1ka, DrSc., riadite\u013ea \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rnej biol\u00f3gie SAV, v. v. i., v Bratislave, dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho vedca roka a medzin\u00e1rodne uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3743"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3743"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3763,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3743\/revisions\/3763"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurobiology.sk\/vedeckakaviaren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}